Centrifugal apparatus for separating solid matters from air.



A. LEBRASSEUR. GEHTBE'UGAL PI ,'US FOB SBPABATING SOLID MTTEBS PROM AIB.AWLIUATION FILED JULY 2o, 190s.

928,673. 'Iatented- July 2o, 1909.

. an axial direction from the center.

UNITED STATES .iranrorricn ANDRE LEBRASSEUR, PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TOSVTURTEVANT ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ACORPORATION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS Foa sEPABA'riNG sonnol MATTERS Faoin am.

Specification of Letters Patent. A

Patented July 20, 1909.

To `all 'whom it may concern:

0 De 1t known that I, Annina LiiBnAssnUn, a citizen oi' the Republic ofFrance, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain 'air and othergaseous fiuids by centrifugal action. In apparatusof this kind thecentrifugal-force by which'the separation is enect-E ed varies directlyvas the square of the speed, and inversely as the radius or' curvatureof vthe -path described bythe revolving matters. In order to'beeffective therefore it is advisable to keep they speed high and theradius of curvaturesmall. vIt is a common practice in cyclone separatorsto admit the air at the peripheryof the apparatus more or lesstangentially and to allow it to escape in A Such constructions in theabsence of special arrangements are objectionable in that interferencetakes place between the revolving air and the incoming air, and moreovera high counter pressure is produced, wliich causes an excessive loss ofenergy, the counter pressure in some plants of ordinary constructionrising to as much as -or to 60% of the total pressure necessary to workthe ap' p'aratus. I.

A known method or" avoiding the interference above referred to is thatof intro-v ducing the stream of air into the apparatus through aniiiclosed channel, so that the rotating air cannot block the inletopening. Moreover, to avoid the heavy losses from counter pressurethespeed is sometimes reduced by providing a relatively large inlet, but byso doing the advantages of high speed are sacriced. A further knownconstruction in apparatus of this kind fonthe purpose of reducingcounter pressure isthat in which the rotating body of air is given anannular form, a central' outlet ipipe being provided, extendinginto theseparator and fitted at its base'with deiiectingblades for directing theair into the outlet pipestopping the spin or rot'atioii'offthe saidpipe. `This constructioirwvhilebeing efective in use presentsdiiii'culti'es'afii'iv ingannfacture besides which it is expensive tomake.

The presenti'invention has for its object to provide a separator ofsimple construction,

and cheap to make, and joiie thatis veryeffective in reducing counter"pressure without sacriiicing the advantages of y high speed. In myimproved separator the 'air passed through an inclosed helicalspiralclianne of continuously,increasing cross sectional area wherebythe speed is4 gradually reduced either while the separation is takingplace or after the separation has been effected. In some casesa.f.narrowcliannel`of uniform cross sectional area and of small radiusis provided'at the entrance tothe helical spiral channel aforesaid, andin such casesthe separation is mainly effected in this introductorychannel.4 The counter pressure is reduced .by the lessening. of the spininthe helical channel, and at the same time the known advantage of.non-*interference between the .incoming air and the revolving air issecured. Moreover the spiral channel by reducing the spin trans-forms aportion of the aerodynamic energy due to motion iiito static pressure.

- In the accompanying drawing I have shown my improved separator with an1ntroductory channel.

Figure l is a view of the separator, the outer casing being shown iiicentral section, and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan on the line X, X, Figal.i

A is the outerywall or casing of the separator, B is the inlet pipe, thecentral outlet pipe, and D is a disk diffuser which directs the -issuingair radially outward.

from F to Gr in Fig. Q of uniform cross sectioiiaiid'uniforni radius.Said channel then merges into a helical spiral channel ordifp thrownfrom the body of theair against the* cross' sectional area of thefuser Hofincreasing Icross sectional area extending around the central outletpipe C -and terminating at ,the lower end ofsaid outlet pipe. Saiddiffuser channel is formed by helical spiral partitions arranged betweenthe outer wall A and the central outletpipe- C. The increasing crosssection of the spiral channel H in the construction shown is obtainedpartly lby sloping the outer wall A outwardly, partly by mcreasmg the.depth of thediiuser channel, andpartly by contracting the lower part ofthe central pipe C. It 1s not necessary of course to use all these wayscombined to progressiiy increase the user channel.

In my Improved separator the air enters at a high speed .through theinlet channel E which' has a' small'radius and is. comparatively narrowmeasured from the outer wall to the inner Wall, and herein theseparation 1s mamlyi eifected, the solid matters being louter wall ofthe separator.- ."This. part; of

the channel may be long orfshort as maybe found desirable for-anyparticular class of work, and may even be omitted altogether in whichcase the diifuser channel itself performs the separation. On leaving thechanlnel E the air enters the diffuser channel .H'

Where its speed drops progressivelyv until it 'emer es in the open parto low e level of thelnouth` o f the outlet pipe C. Said pipe asshowiihas a larger d1am' eter attlthe flop than at thlllottom :hadconsuenyteairrismg" ouh-ei sill further loses its speed bo P perotational, the former .in inverse-proportion 'to the increase of thearea of the pipe and the-latter in inverse proportionto the increase ofthe diameter of the pipe. Finally passes out betweenthe flat to of theseparator and the disk diffuser The separated matters pass down thespiral channel H and into the hopper K at. the bottom of vtheapparatus.A

Important advantages possessed by my improved apparatus are a narrowstream ofair to be crossedby the heavyparticles projected outwardly bycentrifugal action, andthe direction ofthe heavy. particles to" ward thelower part of the/apparatus by the inclined casing. The counterpressure. is .Ifeduced owing to the reduction of the spin in thediffuserv channel, and at the same time the known advantage ofnon-interference be# tween the incoming'air and the revolving air issecured. .Moreover the by reducing the speed of the air transforms thegreater part of the aerodynamic energy due to motion into staticpressure. -A

I am aware that it is known to employ' a cover over the outlet inapparatus of this Alrincit'lii'd alsoto employ 'an outlet pipe of axialand' iral diffuserincreasing diameter, and I do not claim'such per seor, apart from my improvements.

What I claimiisz- 1. In a centrifugal apparatus for separating solidmatters from air, ,thel combination, with a chamber having a conicalouter wall andl a central exit pipe, of a pair of spiral vanes arrangedbetween said conical wall and said exit pipe and forming a heliingcross-sectional area bounded laterally by said conical wall and exitpipe, and vertically by said vanes, and an inlet pipe openchannel.

2. In a centrifugal apparatus for separating solid matters from air, thecombination, with a chamber having a conical outer Wall and a centralexit pipe, of spiral vanes arranged between said conical wall and saidexit pipe an forming a helical spiral channel Aofprogressivelyincreasing cross sectional area bounded laterally by said conical walland exit pipe, andyertically by said vanes, and an et'pipe of uniformcross sectional area opening tangentiallyjinto said helical spiralchannel. Y 3. In a centrifugal apparatus. for separating solid mattersfrom air, the combination, with a chamber havin a conical outer wall anda cone'shaped. `exit pipe the taper of which is in the reverse directionto that of the conical outer wall, of spiral vanes arranged betweensaidconical wall-and said exitpipe and forming a helical spiral channelof progressively increasing 4cross sectionalarea bounded laterally bysaid conical wall and `exit pipe, and vertically by said intosaidhelical s iral channel.

4. In a centri gal apparatus for separatingsolid matters from air, thecombination, with achamber having a conical outer wall anda cone shapedexitpipe the taper of the conical outer wall,-of spiral vanes arrangedbetween said conical wall and said exit pipe and forming a helicalspiral channel of. progressively increasing cross sectionalarea boundedlaterally by said conical wall and` exit pipe, and vertically by saidvanes, and an inlet pipe of uniform cross channel.

5. In a'centrifugal 'apparatus for separating' solid matters from air,the combination, with a chamber having a conical outer wall and a coneshaped exit pipe the ta er arranged between said conical wall and saidexit pipe`and forming a helical spiral chaning tangentially into saidhelical spiral of-which is in the .reverse direction to that of which isin the reverse direction to t at of the conical outer wall, of spiralvanes4 cal spiral channel of progressively increasvanes, and an inletpipe opening tangentially 4` sectional area part .of which is straightand. part curved opening into said helical'spiral' nel of progressivelyincreasing -cross lsectioiialarea bounded. laterally by said conical-helical spiral hannel,v and a disk diiuser arranged overhe top o theoutlet endof I In testimony whereof I have hereunto` set I wall -andVexit pipe, and vertically by said my hand in presence of two subscribingwitv"\7a1'1e sa'nd an ,inlet pipe of uniform cross nesses.

sctim'al afeeopening ngentially into said ANDRE LEBRASSEUR.

Witnesses f H. C. COXE,

theexit pipa GEO.' A. FLOWER.

